HAYAM WURUK
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Profil
Hayam Wuruk (1334–1389), also called (after 1350) Rajasanagara, Pa-ta-na-pa-na-wu, or Bhatara Prabhu, was a Javanese King, the fourth monarch of the Majapahit Empire. Together with his prime minister Gajah Mada, he reigned the empire at the time of its greatest power. He was preceded by Tribhuwana Wijayatunggadewi and succeeded by his son-in-law Wikramawardhana. Most of the accounts of his life were taken from Nagarakretagama and Pararaton.
Hayam Wuruk's name can be translated as "scholar rooster". He was the son of Tribhuwana Tunggadewi and Sri Kertawardhana or Cakradhara. His mother was the daughter of Raden Wijaya founder of Majapahit, meanwhile his father was the son of Bhre Tumapel lesser king of Singhasari. Both Pararaton and Nagarakretagama praised Hayam Wuruk as a handsome, bright, talented, and exceptional student in the courtly martial arts of archery and fencing, also mastering politics and scriptures, as well as arts and music. He was known as an accomplished ceremonial dancer in the court. His mother, Queen Tribhuwana, educated and groomed him to become the next monarch of Majapahit.
Hayam Wuruk inherited the throne in 1350 at the age of 16 when the patih (prime minister) Gajah Mada was at the height of his career. Under his rule, Majapahit extended its power throughout the Indonesian archipelago.
According to Pararaton and Kidung Sunda, in 1357 King Hayam Wuruk was expected to marry Dyah Pitaloka Citraresmi, the princess of the Sunda Kingdom. The reason for this royal engagement was probably political, to foster the alliance between the Majapahit and the Sundanese Kingdoms.
Under the reign of Hayam Wuruk, Majapahit conquered Pasai and Aru Kingdom (later named Deli, near Medan now). Majapahit also destroyed Palembang, the remnants of the Srivijaya kingdom (1377).
With the help of Mahapatih Gajah Mada, he conquered Logajah, Desert Bread, Taliwung, Cow, Volcano, Seram, Hutankadali, Sasak, Bantayan, Luwuk, Mengkasar, Buton, Banggawi, Kunir, Galiyan, Salayar, Sumba, Muar (Saparua), Solor, Bima, Wandan (Banda), Ambon, Wanin, Seran, Timor, and Dompo
However, in the Bubat incident, the Sunda royal family and their guards were involved in a skirmish with Majapahit troops. The planned royal wedding ended in disaster with the death of the princess and the whole Sunda royal party. The court officials blamed Gajah Mada because it was his intention to demand submission from Sunda Kingdom that ended in bloodshed.
Several years later Hayam Wuruk married his half-sister, Paduka Sori, daughter of Dyah Wiyat. Hayam Wuruk and Paduka Sori have 1 father, different mothers.
He sent embassies to China from 1370 to 1381.
Hayam Wuruk had a daughter, Crown Princess Kusumawardhani,
with Queen Sori. Kusumawardhani married a relative, Prince
Wikramawardhana. However, from a consort concubine, Hayam Wuruk had a
son, Prince Wirabhumi. After Hayam Wuruk's death in 1389, the empire
fell into chaos and decline during the contest over succession between
Wikramawardhana and Wirabhumi. The dispute ended in Wirabhumi's defeat
in the Paregreg war. Wikramawardhana succeeded Hayam Wuruk as the King
of Majapahit.
During the reign of Hayam Wuruk, Kakawin Sutasoma (which contains the motto of Bhinneka Tunggal Ika tan Hana Dharma Mangrwa) was composed by Mpu Tantular, and Nagarakretagama was composed by Mpu Prapanca in 1365.
Early life
According to Nagarakretagama (composed by Mpu Prapanca in 1365), Hayam Wuruk was born in 1256 Saka or correspond to 1334 CE, the same year that Mount Kelud erupted. Prapanca argued that this was the divine sign that Batara Gurunata (Javanese name for Shiva Mahadewa) has manifest Himself on earth, reincarnated as the Javanese king. Also in the same, Gajah Mada declared his oath Sumpah Palapa. |  | ||||
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Hayam Wuruk's name can be translated as "scholar rooster". He was the son of Tribhuwana Tunggadewi and Sri Kertawardhana or Cakradhara. His mother was the daughter of Raden Wijaya founder of Majapahit, meanwhile his father was the son of Bhre Tumapel lesser king of Singhasari. Both Pararaton and Nagarakretagama praised Hayam Wuruk as a handsome, bright, talented, and exceptional student in the courtly martial arts of archery and fencing, also mastering politics and scriptures, as well as arts and music. He was known as an accomplished ceremonial dancer in the court. His mother, Queen Tribhuwana, educated and groomed him to become the next monarch of Majapahit.
The Reign
According to Pararaton and Kidung Sunda, in 1357 King Hayam Wuruk was expected to marry Dyah Pitaloka Citraresmi, the princess of the Sunda Kingdom. The reason for this royal engagement was probably political, to foster the alliance between the Majapahit and the Sundanese Kingdoms.
Under the reign of Hayam Wuruk, Majapahit conquered Pasai and Aru Kingdom (later named Deli, near Medan now). Majapahit also destroyed Palembang, the remnants of the Srivijaya kingdom (1377).
With the help of Mahapatih Gajah Mada, he conquered Logajah, Desert Bread, Taliwung, Cow, Volcano, Seram, Hutankadali, Sasak, Bantayan, Luwuk, Mengkasar, Buton, Banggawi, Kunir, Galiyan, Salayar, Sumba, Muar (Saparua), Solor, Bima, Wandan (Banda), Ambon, Wanin, Seran, Timor, and Dompo
However, in the Bubat incident, the Sunda royal family and their guards were involved in a skirmish with Majapahit troops. The planned royal wedding ended in disaster with the death of the princess and the whole Sunda royal party. The court officials blamed Gajah Mada because it was his intention to demand submission from Sunda Kingdom that ended in bloodshed.
Several years later Hayam Wuruk married his half-sister, Paduka Sori, daughter of Dyah Wiyat. Hayam Wuruk and Paduka Sori have 1 father, different mothers.
He sent embassies to China from 1370 to 1381.
Conflict
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Literature
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During the reign of Hayam Wuruk, Kakawin Sutasoma (which contains the motto of Bhinneka Tunggal Ika tan Hana Dharma Mangrwa) was composed by Mpu Tantular, and Nagarakretagama was composed by Mpu Prapanca in 1365.
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